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- TAX SAVINGS IN NEVADA -- AND A STRONG WARNING
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- Once you're operating your small business, you
- should seriously consider the advantages of
- incorporating in Nevada. Nevada is one of several
- states that have no corporate income tax, but in
- addition there is no state personal income tax, and no
- franchise tax. Many large corporations use Nevada for
- warehousing because there is no inventory tax. That
- may seem beyond the reach of a small business but if
- you organize your business as a Nevada corporation you
- may then contract with a local warehousing and
- fulfillment service to process and ship orders from
- Nevada.
- Already such companies as Citibank and Porsche
- North America have moved their corporate headquarters
- to Nevada. For as little as $2,500, you can enjoy the
- same advantages as these corporate giants.
- For many companies, the most important reason to
- incorporate in Nevada is that there is no state income
- tax. If you live in a high-tax state this can be
- crucial. In California, for example, corporations pay
- a minimum of $9,600 on every $100,000 of taxable
- income.
- If minimizing taxes is your concern, your strategy
- should be to form a Nevada corporation and arrange for
- the profits to accumulate there rather than in the high
- tax state in which you presently do business.
- This is easier than you may think. Suppose you
- run a small company and have some major element of the
- business that can be handled from Nevada. Or a service
- that can be contracted for through the Nevada
- corporation. If you do this with a service, it is
- important that the entire service is not performed in
- the high-tax state, in which case the Nevada
- corporation is subject to the same taxes in that state
- as any local corporation. But your sales
- representative travels a 10 state area, so you make the
- Nevada corporation your distributor for those 10
- states, and pay his salary out of the Nevada
- corporation. His official base is now Nevada. You pay
- your Nevada corporation a sufficient commission to keep
- most of the profits in Nevada instead of in the state
- where your business is physically headquartered.
- Or you could contract for sales management
- services from the Nevada corporation, paying it a fixed
- fee, and it pays your salesman. Next, you tell your
- salesman that he is being transferred to a new
- employer. He still gets the same salary, and he still
- does the same job at the same pay. The only difference
- to him is that his paycheck comes from a different
- issuer.
- Your fee to the Nevada sales management company
- might be $75,000. Suppose that you are paying the
- Nevada corporation an extra $47,000 in management fees
- over what your salesman was previously paid, so your
- net profit is zero.
- Oddly enough, that's good news. Zero profit means
- zero corporate income tax in your high-tax
- jurisdiction. Now you have $47,000 of profit at zero
- taxes in your Nevada corporation.
- Best of all, it's perfectly legal. All you have
- to do is make certain that the accounting and
- management of the sales company are actually being done
- through the Nevada corporation, and that all sales are
- booked and invoiced accordingly.
- This general method of transferring income and
- profit from high-tax jurisdictions to low-tax
- jurisdictions is common. It will work for just about
- any goods or services your business requires, other
- than those of a purely local nature.
- Note that a Nevada corporation will help reduce
- only your state taxes. Federal taxes apply in all
- states. However, you could create a third company in a
- tax-free jurisdiction outside the United States. Then
- you could potentially escape federal taxes as well .
- (But before doing that, it is important to get good
- accounting advice, so that you don't have an argument
- with the IRS over "transfer pricing.")
- Many promoters of Nevada corporations try to sell
- you on the use of a Nevada corporation for lawsuit
- protection. Unfortunately, most of the information
- being given out is not only inaccurate, it is
- positively dangerous. It is generally based on hiding
- your ownership of the Nevada corporation. Keeping your
- ownership private and confidential is fine, and may
- reduce the risk of a lawsuit because you don't appear
- to be a financially attractive target. But actually
- hiding your assets in litigation is fraud, and lying
- about your assets in a court proceeding is perjury. A
- quiet public appearance is one thing, but don't let the
- people trying to sell you a Nevada corporate package
- inadvertently lure you into unknowingly committing a
- crime. It is you, not the corporate agents, who will
- be facing a prison sentence, and saying you got your
- legal advice from a corporate promoter's brochure is
- not a good defense.
- Nevada corporate promotion literature usually
- stresses that Nevada does not require public disclosure
- of corporate shareholders. They conveniently forget to
- tell you that neither does any other state in the U.S.!
- And in all states the officers and directors are a
- matter of public record. Any corporation provides
- privacy to the extent that to determine the
- shareholders, a court action involving either the
- corporation or the individual is necessary. But if a
- court in your home state has jurisdiction over you
- because of a lawsuit, all of your holdings do have to
- be disclosed. (There are ways to protect those assets
- with trusts, but thinking your concealed ownership of a
- corporation in Nevada -- or in any other state -- is
- asset protection is foolhardy and reckless.)
- Another claim of a few of the Nevada promoters is
- that Nevada allows bearer shares. It doesn't, and
- federal tax law prohibits the issuance of bearer shares
- by corporations in the United States.
- Nevada state law requires that all Nevada
- corporations retain the services of a resident agent in
- the state who must have on file the name and address of
- the person who holds the stock ledger. But the
- resident agent is not required to keep the ledger
- himself. But, again contrary to what the promoters
- tell you, this is identical to the corporation law of
- the other 49 states and the District of Columbia.
- Corporation laws in all states are relatively uniform -
- - it is the tax laws that create the interesting
- differences.
- Nevada promoters will tell you that there are no
- minimum capital requirements, but that is true of about
- 40 of the states, and the rest have a very nominal
- amount such as $500 or $1,000. They'll also tell you
- that one person can hold all corporate offices and be
- the sole director -- but almost every state now has
- that feature.
- One Nevada promoter's brochure we have seen even
- claims that you can legally make up any name you wish
- as director of the corporation, citing the "common law
- rule that a person may use any name providing it is not
- for a fraudulent purpose." Fortunately most of the
- corporate brochures don't go that far, for this is
- again very dangerous advice. That is an often quoted
- but completely misconstrued concept of common law.
- Using a different name in your role as director of a
- corporation will -- in any jurisdiction -- not only be
- construed as a fraudulent act, but will convert your
- otherwise legitimate corporate business activities to
- fraud. Many states do have a common law principle that
- you may use any name -- IF you consistently and
- publicly adopt that name for all purposes. Most states
- require that public adoption to be by court order, and
- a few states make it a criminal offense to use a name
- not on your birth certificate unless it has been
- changed by court order. So don't fall for this one
- just because "somebody" told you that you could legally
- do it. The very fact that you are using the name only
- to hide your directorship in the Nevada corporation is
- overwhelming evidence of fraud in any state. You could
- jeopardize your entire business -- and even if you are
- not prosecuted, the resulting stench should it come out
- could destroy the reputation of your business. Would
- you want to do business with somebody who ran the
- business under a false name? You'd certainly question
- his integrity and honest intentions.
- The tax savings afforded by a Nevada corporation
- make it a tool worth considering -- even if you have
- never incorporated before. Needless to say, this
- attractive combination of benefits has spawned a whole
- new service industry to assist you. Many of the widely
- advertised corporate formation services are very good.
- But remember, they are only corporate formation agents,
- not lawyers or accountants. Any Nevada lawyer or
- accountant can not only form your corporation for you,
- but can give you other advice that is worth the fee.
- And their prices are competitive -- sometimes even
- cheaper than the corporate formation agents with large
- national advertising bills. A good source is to check
- the Martindale-Hubbell Lawyer's Directory, available at
- almost every public library in the United States. It
- will give you full background information on the
- attorney and his specializations.
- One last word of advice. The most common pitfall
- in using a Nevada corporation in the ways we have
- described is the temptation to cut corners. It is not
- enough merely to pretend to do business in Nevada.
- You run the risk of losing all your benefits if
- the books aren't in order, or if the board doesn't meet
- regularly to approve whatever the company is doing, or
- if the minutes of those board meetings are not up-to-
- date, or any other legal technicality has not been
- properly attended to and officially documented. But as
- a carefully and prudently run business, you can be
- assured that all the advantages we have discussed are
- yours to keep.
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